Litheknoloji tse ngata tse tsoetseng pele li fetola bophelo ba rona letsatsi le leng le le leng. Ho fihla le kholo eaKoloi ea Motlakase (EV)ke mohlala o moholo oa hore na liphetoho tseo li ka bolela bokae bophelong ba rona ba khoebo - le maphelong a rona.
Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le likhatello tsa taolo ea tikoloho likoloing tsa enjine ea mollo o ka hare (ICE) li tsamaisa thahasello e ntseng e hola 'marakeng oa EV. Baetsi ba likoloi ba bangata ba thehileng likoloi ba hlahisa mefuta e mecha ea EV, hammoho le tse qalang tse kenang 'marakeng. Ka khetho ea mefuta le mefuta e fumanehang kajeno, le tse ling tse ngata tse tlang, monyetla oa hore kaofela re ka be re khanna li-EV nakong e tlang o haufi le 'nete ho feta leha e le neng pele.
Theknoloji e matlafatsang li-EV tsa kajeno e hloka liphetoho tse ngata tseleng eo likoloi tsa setso li entsoeng ka eona. Ts'ebetso ea ho aha li-EV e hloka ho nahanoa haholo ka moralo joalo ka bokhabane ba koloi ka boeona. Seo se kenyelletsa mohala o emeng oa liroboto tse etselitsoeng lits'ebetso tsa EV ka ho khetheha - hammoho le mela e tenyetsehang ea tlhahiso e nang le liroboto tse tsamaeang tse ka tsamaisoang le ho tsoa libakeng tse fapaneng tsa mohala kamoo ho hlokahalang.
Khatisong ena re tla hlahloba hore na ke liphetoho life tse hlokahalang ho rala le ho etsa li-EV kajeno. Re tla bua ka hore na mekhoa le mekhoa ea tlhahiso e fapane joang le e sebelisoang ho etsa likoloi tse tsamaeang ka khase.
Moralo, likarolo le mekhoa ea tlhahiso
Le hoja tsoelo-pele ea EV e ne e phehelloa ka matla ke bafuputsi le bahlahisi mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, thahasello e ile ea emisoa ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse theko e tlaase, likoloi tse hlahisoang ka bongata tsa peterole. Lipatlisiso li ile tsa fokotseha ho tloha ka 1920 ho fihlela mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1960 ha litaba tsa tikoloho tsa tšilafalo le tšabo ea ho felisa mehloli ea tlhaho li ne li etsa hore ho be le tlhokahalo ea mokhoa o seng kotsi oa tikoloho oa lipalangoang tsa botho.
Ho tjhaja EVmoralo
Li-EV tsa kajeno li fapane haholo le likoloi tsa ICE (enjene e tukang ka hare) tse tsamaeang ka peterole. Mofuta o mocha oa li-EV o ruile molemo letotong la boiteko bo hlōlehileng ba ho qapa le ho haha likoloi tsa motlakase ho sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso e sebelisoang ke bahlahisi ka lilemo tse mashome.
Ho na le liphapang tse ngata mabapi le hore na li-EV li etsoa joang ha li bapisoa le likoloi tsa ICE. Ho ne ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ho sireletsa enjene, empa sepheo sena se se se fetohile ho sireletsa libeteri ha ho etsoa EV. Baqapi ba likoloi le baenjiniere ba ntse ba nahanisisa ka ho feletseng ka moralo oa li-EV, hammoho le ho theha mekhoa e mecha ea tlhahiso le kopano ea ho li haha. Hona joale ba ntse ba theha EV ho tloha fatše ka ho nahanisisa ka matla ho aerodynamics, boima ba 'mele le matla a mang a matla.
An betri ea koloi ea motlakase (EVB)ke lebitso le tloaelehileng bakeng sa libeteri tse sebelisoang ho matlafatsa li-mothara tsa motlakase tsa mefuta eohle ea li-EV. Maemong a mangata, tsena ke libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse nchafalitsoeng tse etselitsoeng ka ho khetheha matla a holimo a ampere-hora (kapa kilowathour). Libetri tse nchafalitsoeng tsa theknoloji ea lithiumion ke matlo a polasetiki a nang le anode ea tšepe le li-cathode. Libetri tsa lithium-ion li sebelisa polymer electrolyte sebakeng sa electrolyte ea metsi. High conductivity semisolid (gel) polymers theha electrolyte ena.
Lithium-ionLibetri tsa EVke li-betri tsa "deep-cycle" tse etselitsoeng ho fana ka matla ka nako e telele. Tse nyane le tse bobebe, libeteri tsa lithium-ion lia lakatseha hobane li fokotsa boima ba koloi mme ka hona li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona.
Libetri tsena li fana ka matla a khethehileng a phahameng ho feta mefuta e meng ea betri ea lithium. Ka tloaelo li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong moo boima e leng karolo ea bohlokoa, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa mehala, lifofane tse laoloang ke seea-le-moea le, hona joale, li-EV. Betri e tloaelehileng ea lithium-ion e ka boloka lihora tse 150 tsa motlakase ka har'a betri e boima ba kilogram e le 'ngoe.
Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea betri ea lithium-ion e tsamaisitsoe ke litlhoko tse tsoang ho lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse nkehang, lik'homphieutha tsa laptop, liselefouno, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tse ling. Indasteri ea EV e kotutse melemo ea likhatelopele tsena ka bobeli ts'ebetsong le matla a matla. Ho fapana le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa betri, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ka lokolloa le ho nchafatsoa letsatsi le letsatsi le maemong afe kapa afe a tefiso.
Ho na le mahlale a tšehetsang ho theoa ha mefuta e meng ea boima bo bobebe, libeteri tse tšepahalang, tse theko e tlase - mme lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele ho fokotsa palo ea libeteri tse hlokahalang bakeng sa li-EV tsa kajeno. Libetri tse bolokang matla le matla a likoloi tsa motlakase li fetohile theknoloji ea tsona 'me li fetoha hoo e ka bang letsatsi le leng le le leng.
Sistimi ea ho hula
Li-EV li na le li-motor tsa motlakase, tse tsejoang hape e le mokhoa oa ho hula kapa oa ho potlaka - 'me li na le likarolo tsa tšepe le tsa polasetiki tse sa hlokeng ho tlotsoa. Sistimi e fetola matla a motlakase ho tsoa ho betri ebe e e fetisetsa ho terene ea koloi.
Li-EV li ka etsoa ka mabili a mabeli kapa a mabili ohle, li sebelisa li-motor tse peli kapa tse 'ne ka ho latellana. Ka bobeli li-motor tsa hajoale (DC) le li-alternating current (AC) li ntse li sebelisoa litsamaisong tsena tsa ho hohela kapa ho tsamaisa li-EV. Li-motors tsa AC hajoale li tumme haholo, hobane ha li sebelise borashe mme li hloka tlhokomelo e nyane.
EV molaoli
Li-motors tsa EV li boetse li kenyelletsa molaoli oa elektroniki oa maemo a holimo. Taolo ena e boloka sephutheloana sa elektroniki se sebetsang lipakeng tsa libeteri le koloi ea motlakase ho laola lebelo la koloi le lebelo, joalo ka ha carburetor e etsa koloing e tsamaeang ka peterole. Litsamaiso tsena tsa k’homphieutha tse ka har’a boto ha li qale koloi feela, empa li boetse li sebelisa mamati, lifensetere, moea o pholisang moea, tsamaiso ea ho hlahloba khatello ea mabili, tsamaiso ea boithabiso, le litšobotsi tse ling tse ngata tse tloaelehileng likoloing tsohle.
mariki a EV
Mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa brake o ka sebelisoa ho li-EV, empa litsamaiso tse nchafatsang tsa braking li ratoa likoloing tsa motlakase. Regenerative braking ke mokhoa oo enjene e sebelisoang e le jenereithara ho nchafatsa libeteri ha koloi e ntse e theoha butle. Lits'ebetso tsena tsa braking li nka hape a mang a matla a lahlehileng nakong ea braking ebe li a khutlisetsa ho sistimi ea betri.
Nakong ea ho tsosolosoa ha braking, matla a mang a kinetic a atisang ho kenngoa ke mariki ebe a fetoha mocheso a fetoloa motlakase ke molaoli - 'me a sebelisetsoa ho tjhaja libeteri hape. Regenerative braking ha e eke feela lebelo la koloi ea motlakase ka 5 ho isa ho 10%, empa hape e ipakile e fokotsa ho roala mariki le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo.
Lisebelisoa tsa EV
Ho hlokahala mefuta e 'meli ea li-charger. Ho hlokahala tjhaja ea boholo bo felletseng bakeng sa ho kenya karacheng ho nchafatsa li-EV ka bosiu bo le bong, hammoho le recharger e nkehang. Li-charger tse nkehang habonolo li fetoha lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba bangata. Lishaja tsena li bolokoa ka kutu e le hore libeteri tsa EVs li ka nchafatsoa hanyane kapa ka botlalo nakong ea leeto le lelelele kapa maemong a tšohanyetso joalo ka ha motlakase o khaotsoe. Khatisong e tlang re tla qaqisa ka ho eketsehileng mefuta eaLiteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa EVjoalo ka Level 1, Level 2 le Wireless.
Nako ea poso: Feb-20-2024